Hybrid and range-extended Cars: Usage and Maintenance Guide

In recent years, plug-in hybrid and range-extended cars have gained immense popularity in the automotive market. Brands like BYD’s Dynasty Series, Li Auto's L Series, AITO, and Leapmotor have become benchmarks in this category. However, these vehicles differ significantly from traditional fuel-powered cars in terms of operation and maintenance. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you use and maintain these vehicles efficiently.

Key Usage Tips

1. Set the State of Charge (SOC) Appropriately

Plug-in hybrids are designed for optimal fuel efficiency, often defined by the "minimum charge fuel consumption." This refers to setting the SOC to the minimum level, where the internal combustion engine (ICE) only powers the electric motor and charges the battery up to a set level before stopping. While this approach minimizes tested fuel consumption, it holds limited practical value for everyday use.

For real-world usage, it’s better to set the SOC higher, typically around 70%. This level allows the ICE to charge the battery efficiently during driving without overloading the system. The rationale is that highway driving provides a stable and low-fuel-consumption environment for charging the battery, which can later power the car in high-traffic city conditions.

This approach is especially beneficial in situations where the car may need air conditioning while parked. Having extra battery capacity ensures smoother transitions and reduced operating costs. Unless you can access a charging station immediately after driving, keeping the SOC higher provides peace of mind and efficiency.

2. Force Electric Mode

PHEV batteries usually retain a reserve of 20–25% in Sport mode or 10–15% in Eco mode to prevent complete depletion. However, in certain cases, such as the last few kilometers before reaching a charging station, you might prefer not to use fuel at all.

Most vehicles allow users to force electric mode. Simply switch to Eco mode and hold the EV button or lever for a few seconds. This action adjusts the threshold and ensures the ICE remains inactive. Additionally, it’s advisable to perform a deep discharge and recharge cycle periodically to prolong battery life and maintain its efficiency.

3. Perform Balanced Charging

Regular deep balanced charging is crucial for PHEVs, range-extended vehicles, and pure EVs. Over time, variations in individual battery cell capacities can cause discrepancies. This results in some cells reaching their maximum voltage sooner, tricking the system into thinking the battery is fully charged when it isn’t.

Balanced charging corrects these discrepancies. After the battery reaches full charge, don’t unplug it immediately. Instead, let the car enter balanced charging mode, either automatically or through manual activation. This process may take up to 10 hours and helps restore capacity, improve range, and address potential battery issues. Using a home charging station makes this process easier.

Maintenance Tips

Maintaining PHEVs and range-extended vehicles is relatively straightforward. Here are the main points to consider:

1. Electric System Maintenance

The electric motor, battery pack, and electronic control systems don’t require regular maintenance. Instead, periodic inspections are sufficient. These components are typically replaced as complete units if damaged, saving users from repair hassles. Monitoring battery capacity decline is key, as reaching the manufacturer’s threshold qualifies for a replacement under warranty.

2. Internal Combustion Engine Care

Since PHEV engines are used less frequently, their maintenance needs differ from traditional cars. Engine oil types—full synthetic, semi-synthetic, and mineral—are categorized by lifespan rather than quality. Choosing the right oil depends on mileage and usage patterns, not necessarily the most expensive option.

For instance, if a PHEV drives only 1,000–2,000 kilometers annually in hybrid mode, mineral oil may suffice, even for turbocharged engines. Oil replacement can be extended to two years under these conditions, optimizing costs without compromising performance.

3. General Maintenance

Other maintenance tasks align with those of traditional vehicles, though PHEVs without a transmission require fewer services at longer intervals. Regular checks and timely replacements ensure optimal performance and longevity.

Conclusion

Understanding the unique operational and maintenance needs of plug-in hybrid and range-extended cars can maximize their efficiency and lifespan. By adopting best practices like balanced charging, forced electric mode, and mindful engine care, you can enjoy the benefits of these innovative cars while minimizing costs and ensuring a smoother driving experience.

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